The rivalry between Halfdan Ragnarsson and Ivar the Boneless is based on their contrasting leadership styles and differing ambitions within the Great Heathen Army. While historical sources are scarce and often conflicting, Norse sagas and modern interpretations suggest tension between the two Viking brothers.
Clashing Leadership Styles
Ivar the Boneless:
A master strategist known for his cunning mind and ability to out think opponents.
Preferred political manipulation and forming alliances rather than direct conquest.
Sought revenge for their father Ragnar Lothbrok’s death against King Ælla of Northumbria.
Halfdan Ragnarsson:
A warrior-king who believed in conquest and expansion.
Preferred direct military control over lands rather than relying on vassals or alliances.
More focused on ruling and settling land, while Ivar remained more nomadic.
These differences likely caused friction, especially after the fall of York (866 AD) and the execution of King Ælla.
Power Struggles in England
After conquering Northumbria, the Great Heathen Army split:
Ivar focused on Mercia and East Anglia, using puppet rulers.
Halfdan aimed to rule Northumbria directly, giving land to Viking settlers.
By 870 AD, Ivar disappears from English records, possibly returning to Ireland.
Some sources suggest Halfdan’s rule in Northumbria angered Ivar, leading to tension between them.
The Final Break – Ireland vs. England
Ivar the Boneless expanded Viking power in Ireland, possibly founding the Uí Ímair dynasty.
Halfdan sought to rule England, but some accounts say he later tried to claim Dublin (877 AD).
It is unclear if Ivar and Halfdan fought directly, but Halfdan was killed in Ireland, possibly by Ivar’s allies.
Conclusion – A Viking Brotherhood Divided
While there is no confirmed record of a direct battle between the two, their conflicting ambitions made them rivals in Viking politics. Ivar sought dominance through intelligence and alliances, while Halfdan wanted power through military conquest and kingship. Their split between Ireland and England suggests a divide in their goals, possibly leading to Halfdan’s downfall.